Body Mass Index (BMI) in Indians: A Comprehensive Guide

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a crucial measure to determine an individual’s weight category, offering insights into potential health risks. In India, BMI cutoffs differ slightly from global standards due to differences in body composition, making it essential to consider localized thresholds and health implications.

BMI Categories for Indians

BMI Category BMI Range (kg/m²) Classification Health Risk
Underweight <18.5 Underweight Risk of malnutrition, weak immunity, osteoporosis
Normal Weight 18.5–22.9 Healthy Low risk
Overweight 23.0–24.9 Pre-Obesity Moderate risk
Obesity (Grade 1) 25.0–29.9 Obese High risk
Obesity (Grade 2) ≥30 Severe Obesity Very high risk

Medical Conditions Associated with BMI

BMI Grade Associated Medical Conditions
Underweight Nutritional deficiencies, anemia, decreased bone density, infertility, weakened immunity
Normal Weight Generally low risk, but lifestyle plays a role in maintaining long-term health
Overweight Insulin resistance, prediabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, NAFLD
Obesity (Grade 1) Type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obstructive sleep apnea
Obesity (Grade 2) Severe cardiovascular conditions, CKD, severe metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis

Tests Recommended Based on BMI and Age

BMI Grade Age Group Recommended Tests
Underweight All ages CBC, iron studies, vitamin D levels, calcium, thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH)
Normal Weight >30 years Routine blood tests (CBC, lipid profile, blood glucose), liver and kidney function tests annually
Overweight >25 years Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, ALT/AST, ultrasound for liver fat, thyroid panel
Obesity (Grade 1) >20 years Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), CRP, insulin levels, echocardiography, stress test
Obesity (Grade 2) >18 years Advanced cardiac screening, carotid Doppler, renal ultrasound, sleep study, complete hormone panel

Prevention and Precaution Tips

BMI Grade Prevention Tips
Underweight Increase calorie intake with nutrient-dense foods, strength training, monitor for deficiencies
Normal Weight Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly (150 minutes/week), annual health check-ups
Overweight Adopt a low-glycemic-index diet, moderate-intensity physical activity, manage stress, regular screening for diabetes
Obesity (Grade 1) Seek dietary consultation, incorporate resistance training, avoid refined carbs, practice mindful eating
Obesity (Grade 2) Multidisciplinary approach (dietitian, endocrinologist), consider bariatric options if indicated, structured activity

References